In scientific writing, IMRAD or IMRaD (/ ˈɪmræd /) (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) [1] is a common organizational structure for the format of a document.

“IMRaD” format refers to a paper that is structured by four main sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. This format is often used for lab reports as well as for reporting any …

IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion) Academic research papers in STEM disciplines typically follow a well-defined I-M-R-A-D structure: Introduction, Methods, Results …

Nov 17, 2025 · What is IMRaD? IMRaD is an acronym for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. It describes the format for the sections of a research report. The IMRaD (or IMRD) …

s, and Discussion (IMRaD). The IMRaD format reflects the scientific method and presents the findings of your research in an organized structure. Depending on the guidelines, other …

Nov 15, 2024 · Reports of research studies usually follow the IMRAD format. IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, [and] Discussion) is a mnemonic for the major components of …

Scientific Writing: IMRAD Format A common scientific writing format is IMRAD, which stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, And Discussion. This type of scientific writing is useful for …

What is the IMRaD Format? The IMRaD (often pronounced “im-rad”) format is a scientific writing structure that includes four or five major sections: introduction (I); research methods (M); …

Aug 15, 2025 · What does an IMRaD article look like? Open the pdf below to see an example of what a database record for an article in IMRaD format might look like, and how components of …

To help do this, most articles follow a common pattern and structure called IMRaD. In this section, we’ll discuss what this means, how to do it, and how it will help your manuscript.