The Hummer 6.2 Sputtering System by Anatech is a vacuum coating instrument used for applying thin, uniform metal coatings to samples, often for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It operates through ...

In reactive sputtering process with an Ar + O₂ gas mixture, the plasma emission observed near the cathode changes in appearance. When the oxygen content is high, the plasma exhibits a reddish-violet ...

High power magnetron sputtering techniques have become essential tools in the deposition of advanced thin films. By utilising high power pulses, these methods generate highly ionised plasmas that ...

Transparent conductive thin films are crucial in various semiconductor devices, including solar cells, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and sensors. Indium tin oxide (ITO) ...

Nonthermal and thermal plasmas are used in the industrial, engineering, medical, and research industries. Plasma composition is an important parameter in any plasma process. Using optical emission ...