Direct Assessment refers to any method of collecting data that requires students to demonstrate a knowledge, skill, or behavior, normally as part of the regular educational experience of students in ...

The field of behaviour assessment and intervention in educational settings has evolved considerably over recent decades, integrating data‐driven methodologies to monitor and enhance student outcomes.

There has been much concern in recent years about the welfare of elephants in zoos across North America and Europe. While some previous studies have assessed captive elephant welfare at a particular ...