Amelioration of cavernosal fibrosis remains a controversial issue. The relative smooth muscle cells (SMCs) loss that happens with aging, cavernosal nerve injury and diabetes are detrimental factors in ...

Prolonged erection is a rare problem in urology but it must be treated effectively. The most common etiological factor is intracavernosal vasoactive agent injection for diagnosis or treatment of ...

Combination therapy using a mixture of papaverine, phentolamine, and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has become popular as an intracavernosal treatment for erectile dysfunction owing to its high efficacy, ...

Various adrenergic agonists have been used in the treatment of priapism, including pure α-agonists (e.g., metaraminol), mixed α- and β-agonists (e.g., etilefrine, phenylephrine, and epinephrine), and ...