All systems can be understood using an input-process-output (IPO) model, and the system we call “innovation” is no exception. This model is likely familiar to you from information technology and ...

Understanding the feed-forward mechanism is required in order to create a neural network that solves difficult practical problems such as predicting the result of a football game or the movement of a ...

Even when change is good, most of us would rather run the other way when we see it coming. This is simply human nature, especially when a system seems to be working satisfactorily. But the reality is ...

The primary logic in a program, which is input-process-output and repeat. The main loop continually tests for input and calls the appropriate routines to process it. Outputs are updated files sent to ...