Antibodies are Y-shaped protective proteins manufactured by B lymphocytes in reaction to invading pathogens. When B lymphocytes encounter foreign antigens expressed by antigen-presenting cells (e.g.

The history of antibody engineering and production in drug discovery can be traced back to the 1970s and 1980s [1] when scientists first began to explore the potential of using antibodies as ...

In the past few years, multispecific antibodies, such as trispecific, bispecific, and tetraspecific, have become popular in antibody therapeutics. Compared to conventional monospecific antibodies, ...

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly specific, laboratory-produced antibodies designed to target a single specific epitope or binding site on an antigen. Unlike polyclonal antibodies, which are a ...

Researchers have developed an antibody that prevents the activation of the Dickkopf 1-Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (DKK1-CKAP4) pathway, which is important for tumor growth in several cancers, ...

A fundamental challenge in preclinical research is accurately predicting human responses using conventional animal models. Traditional approaches often fail to adequately model human disease, creating ...

Antibody engineering and production are essential tools in drug discovery, providing powerful and specific therapeutics and diagnostic/prognostic materials for various diseases. Antibodies are ...