Researchers identified a large novel protein complex in the inner chloroplast membrane that functions as a motor to import proteins into the chloroplast. Components of the complex evolved from a ...

When I first learned about mitochondria and chloroplasts in school, there was little mention of their origin as bacteria. The so-called “Endosymbiont Hypothesis” (really a theory at this point) is ...

Modern eukaryotic cells contain numerous so-called organelles, which once used to be independent bacteria. In order to understand how these bacteria were integrated into the cells in the course of ...

Osaka, Japan -- Over 1 billion years ago, a relationship began between the ancestor of all living plants and a type of bacterium that paved the way for the evolution of life as we know it. The ...