Quantum current standards and single-electron pumps form the cornerstone of contemporary electrical metrology and the redefinition of the ampere. By exploiting quantum mechanical effects—such as the ...

After a year of trial and error, Liyang Chen had managed to whittle down a metallic wire into a microscopic strand half the width of an E.coli bacterium — just thin enough to allow a trickle of ...

This illustration shows electric current being pumped into platinum (the bottom slab), which results in the creation of an electron spin current that switches the magnetic state of the 2D ferromagnet ...