Recently, we published an entry-level Arduino project with a single seven-segment LED display. Although it’s an amazing DIY project, we noted that most of the readers are looking for more advanced ...

A previous Design Idea describes a circuit that uses an astable multivibrator to drive an LED (Reference 1). The circuit in Figure 1 uses a simpler alternative approach. The circuit uses a 2N3904 NPN ...

This resource provides clear explanations of how switching regulators work and how voltage boosting is achieved efficiently ...

Fig 1. This voltage regulator circuit (a) uses green LEDs as both the stabilization elements and as the voltage indicators at the front-panel switch (b). Fig 2. The addition of resistor R4 to the ...